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Immunoassay: Revolutionizing Diagnostics in Modern Medicine
Immunoassays are one of the most pivotal techniques in modern biomedical science, offering precise and sensitive detection of biological molecules. At their core, immunoassays leverage the natural ability of antibodies to recognize and bind to specific antigens. This specificity allows scientists and clinicians to detect proteins, hormones, pathogens, and other biomolecules in complex biological samples such as blood, urine, or tissue extracts.
The fundamental principle of an immunoassay lies in the antigen-antibody interaction. When an antibody binds to its corresponding antigen, it forms a stable complex that can be detected and quantified using various labeling techniques. Early immunoassays relied on radioactive labels, giving rise to radioimmunoassays (RIA). While RIAs offered remarkable sensitivity, concerns over radioactive exposure led to the development of safer alternatives such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA), and fluorescence-based methods.
ELISA, one of the most widely used formats, employs…







